B’nei Menashe Voters in Israel Lean Heavily to the Right

(March 17) If next Tuesday’s elections were be to decided by Israel’s B’nei Menashe, the pollsters could confidently predict a landslide for the Right. Indeed, in talking this week to prospective B’nei Menashe voters from all over the country, from Kiryat Arba in the south to Afula and Migdal ha-Emek in the north, our correspondent couldn’t find a single person intending to cast a ballot for a party of the Center or the Left.

Most popular by far was Prime Minister Bibi Netanyahu’s Likud. “It’s in our interest to have a right-wing government, and I don’t think there’s a better party to lead it than Likud,” said Ovadia Pachuau, 71, of Afula, in a typical answer to our correspondent’s questions. “True, Likud won’t be able to form a government on its own. It will have to join hands with other, similarly-minded parties. But when I look at potential leaders. I don’t see anyone capable of replacing Bibi at this time. A vast majority of our community feels the same.”

Meir Lotzem, 54, of Kiryat Arba agreed. “As a community,” he told our correspondent, “we have traditionally voted Likud. I myself am no different. I’ve always identified as a Likudnik. It’s in my blood. It’s in all of Kiryat Arba’s B’nei Menashe. And it’s not just them. I’ve talked to friends in the north. The mood there is solidly Likud, too.”

It’s that mood that sways Elitsur Haokip, 83, of Migdal Ha-Emek. “I’m an old man who hasn’t lived in Israel that long and doesn’t know that much about its politics,” he says. “If I were still in India, I’d have more of an opinion. But then, again, my vote counts as much as anyone’s, and from the conversations I hear around me, the Likud is supported by most people. My son and daughter-in-law plan to vote for it and so will I.”

Levana Chongloi

Among younger B’nei Menashe, one finds strong pro-Likud sentiment, too. Levana Chongloi, 28, of Tel Aviv plans to vote for the Netanyahu government because she gives it high marks on the economic and diplomatic fronts. Her one caveat is with its handling of the Corona pandemic. “It was a big letdown,” she states. “The pandemic hit ordinary people badly. A lot of businesses went down, not enough relief came from the government, and health protocols were not enforced uniformly.” Still, she says, “I’ve always voted Likud and I’ll do it this time, too.”

Bat-El Rently, 30, of Bet-El isn’t sure she’ll vote at all. Four elections in two years, she says, is “too much.” But if she does vote – “Well, the last three times it was for Likud and it would probably be the same again. I really can’t think of any other party.”

One of our few interviewees who could was Yitzhak Lhungdim, 25, from Kiryat Arba, for whom the Likud isn’t right-wing enough. Yitzhak plans to vote for Betzalel Smotrich’s Religious Zionism Party. “He’s the politician who is most honest about his opinions,” he says.

David Lhungdim

Another non-Likud voter is David Lhungdim, a religious leader in the B’nei Menashe community of Sderot. “I’m a Haredi, as are many of us in Sderot,” he said. “I and most of my friends will vote for Shas,” the Sephardi religious party. Lhungdim points out that many of Sderot’s B’nei Menashe study in Shas intitutions and share its “ethos of studying Torah and praying for the Jewish nation." He sees a vote for Shas, which can be counted on to join a Netanyahu-led coalition, as a vote for Netanyahu, too. “I feel that the present government with Bibi as prime minister is doing well,” he says. “On the world stage, I don’t see anyone representing Israel as well as he has done. No one who wants to replace him is of the same caliber. I feel that Likud and Shas make a good team.

None of the B’nei Menashe our correspondent spoke to so much as mentioned the corruption charges facing the prime minister, let alone thought they would affect the B’nei Menashe vote. When our correspondent asked Degel Menashe’s executive director Yitzhak Thangjom about this, he said with a laugh that there was an obvious explanation. “Most of us come from Manipur,” he said. “It’s one of the most corrupt states in India, which is not exactly a cleanly run country. We know what real corruption is, and what Netanyahu is being charged with doesn’t strike us as coming close to it.”

Thangjom also thought that the political views of Israel’s B’nei Menashe were unsurprising. “In the first place,” he said, “we are, as a group, nationalistic. We come from a part of the world in which ethnic identity comes first and universalist values count for little, we’ve thrown in our lot with the Jewish people, and we naturally identify with its more militant spokesmen, such as the Likud and other right-wing parties. And secondly, the society that we hail from was traditionally one in which life was dominated by village and regional chiefs. We still have that mentality. The chief is to be respected and obeyed, and no one in Israel is a more powerful chief than Benjamin Netanyahu.”

A Lunch With the Ambassador

(March 9) At a March 5 lunch on, Indian ambassador Sanjeev Singla hosted representatives of Israel’s four Indian Jewish communities: the Bene Israel of India’s west coast, the Cochin Jews of its southern tip, the Baghdadi Jews of Bombay and Calcutta, and the B’nei Menashe of Mizoram and Manipur. Representing the B’nei Menashe was Degel Menashe’s executive director Isaac Thangjom.

The lunch was held at Ambassador Singla’s residence in Herzliya. The guests included deputy ambassador Anitha Nandhini; embassy first secretary Rakhee Mayuri; Joel Malkari, vice-president of the International Organization of Bene Israel; Bombay-born Hebrew University professor Shaul Sapir; Isaac Ashkenazi, like Sapir from a Baghdadi background but born in Calcutta; and Tzipora Meir, Tirtza Lavi, and Shulamit Kedar, all from families hailing from Cochin.

From left to right: Deputy Ambassador Nandhini, Professor Sapir, First Secretary Mayuri, Degel Menashe's Thangjom

The lunch began with Ambassador Singla soliciting ideas from the guests for the new Indian Cultural Center recently opened in Tel Aviv. Although it has gotten off to a slow start due to the limitations imposed by the Corona epidemic, it now hopes to move into higher gear. Suggestions were made for a wide variety of activities, from yoga and classical Indian dance classes to courses in Indian languages and Ayurvedic medicine.

Another subject raised by the ambassador was the embassy’s Know India Program, which has so far failed to attract many participants despite the large number of Israeli tourists who visit India every year. A proposal was made to add to it a “Roots” dimension whereby young Israelis of Indian ancestry would be aided in exploring their heritage and families’ pasts. Such a program would target post-army youth, which traditionally backpacks all over the world after its conclusion of military service.

Isaac Thangjom presents ambassador with photograph

On behalf of Degel Menashe, Executive Director Thangjom presented Ambassador Singla with a framed picture of B’nei Menashe children taken by photographer Dorit Lombroso. He also reported on Degel Menashe’s various educational and cultural programs, dwelling especially on its Oral History Project, which will culminate this spring with the publication of Lives of the Children of Manasia, a book of twelve extended oral history interviews with elderly members of the B’nei Menashe community in Israel. Ambassor Singla expressed great interest in the book and spoke of making it a central feature of the joint 75 th \-year Israel-India independence celebrations that are planned for 2022. He also promised to lend the embassy’s support to Degel Menashe’s musicology project, which, in collaboration with the Hebrew University, is dedicated to the collection and preservation of old B’nei Menashe music. Temporarily stalled by the pandemic, too, this program, Thangjom told the ambassador, is about to be given new impetus. Ambassador Singla pledged to do all he could to help.

B’nei Menashe to be Represented in New Israeli Museum

(March 3) In a large new museum of Jewish life through the ages that will be housed in one of Jerusalem’s most historic buildings, the B’nei Menashe will have their own permanent exhibit. Although it won’t occupy much of the building’s 3,000 square meters of floor space, it will be a recognition, says Yitzhak Thangjom, Degel Menashe’s project manager, of the B’nei Menashe’s unique place among the world’s Jewish communities, Thangjom met last week to discuss Degel Menashe’s possible role in such an exhibit with the museum’s designated curator Hanan Benyahu and collector Nissim Moses, who has donated his large assemblage of Indian Jewish art and religious artifacts to the museum’s future Indian wing.

Yitzkhak Thangjom (standing behind chair) with Hanan Benyahu (standing) and Nissim Moses (seated)

The museum, a projected 50 million dollar project to be called in Hebrew Muzei’on Kehillot Yisra’el, “The Jewish Communities Museum,” is slated to open to the public in 2024. It will be located in the Schneller Building, historically known as the Syrian Orphanage, a stately structure, now in rundown condition, on Jerusalem’s north side, in the neighborhood of Mekor Baruch, not far from Me’ah She’arim. One of the first buildings to go up outside the Old City of Jerusalem’s walls, it was originally constructed in 1860, at the behest of the German Lutheran missionary Johann Ludwig Schneller, as a home for Christian children orphaned during that year’s civil war in Lebanon. It continued to function as an orphanage until the outbreak of World War II, when it and its grounds were turned into a British army base that was in turn taken over by the Israel Defense Force in 1948. Subsequently abandoned by the IDF, its ownership passed to the municipality of Jerusalem, which will be a co-partner in the project.

The original inspiration for the museum, our Newsletter was told by future curator Benyahu, came from Rabbi Ya’akov Hillel, a prominent Jerusalem rabbi, kabbalist, and prolific author who was born in India himself to parents belonging to its Baghdadi community. “Rabbi Hillel,” says Benyahu, “has long been, like many religious leaders in Israel, distressed by the alienation of the country’s secular youth from Judaism. It was his idea that the best way to overcome it would be by exposing this youth to the Jewish life of its own grandparents, great-grandparents, and ancestors, with whom it feels an instinctive identification even if it is no longer religiously observant itself. We want to develop in young Israelis an interest in Judaism based on their pride in their own families and communities, whose lives revolved around their Jewish content.”

The building under renovation

It is this sense of mission, Benyahu says, that distinguishes the planned Kehillot Yisra’el museum from the Diaspora Museum in Tel Aviv, itself about to reopen after a long shutdown for renovation, and justifies the existence of yet another major institution in Israel dedicated to a panoramic presentation of Jewish history. “The Diaspora Museum,” Benyahu says, “has been laid-back. It has seen its role as being more informational. We want to involve our audience in its Jewishness, to tell stories that will speak to it on a personal level and make it want to know more. It’s like the difference between swimming and diving. We want to give the visitors to our museum the tools with which to dive deep.into the Jewish past, which is to say, into their own past. We are building up a huge digitalized collection of texts and historical material that they will be able to reference within our walls. We already have two million pages of it in digital form.”

The museum will be divided into 22 wings – “one for each letter of the Hebrew alphabet,” Benyahu notes –each devoted to a geographical area and its Jewish life. Indian Jewry will have its own wing, to be shared by its three traditional Jewish communities, the Baghdadi Jews, the Bene Israel Jews, and the Cochin Jews, who will now be joined by a fourth group: the B’nei Menashe. A significant part of its display will come from the family collection of Nissim Moses, which started, Moses told Isaac Thangjom, with his grandfather 150 years ago. A former engineer and executive in the Israel Aircraft Industry and its first Liason Director in India, is from a Bene Israel family himself.

From the Nissim Moses Collection

“The museum is aware,” Thangjom says, “that in curatorial terms, we B’nei Menashe are different from all other Jewish communities. We do not have an overtly Jewish past, which means that we have no Jewish artifacts, no Jewish art, and no relics of Jewish religious life to display. Nor was our community, which traditionally lived a simple life in the rain forests of Northeast India, rich in material possessions. But we do have a wealth of cultural traditions: our folklore, our music, our old ancesrral religion with its many embedded features from our ancient Israelite past. One of the goals of Degel Menashe is to collect and preserve these traditions before they are forgotten. That’s why the museum has turned to us. ‘You’re the only ones who can do it,’ Nissim Moses has said to me. “No one but Degel Menashe understands the importance of it. Now is the time! If it isn’t done in the immediate years ahead, it will be too late to do it afterwards.”